This sounded very interesting and I've been playing around with two external bindings, Lua GD for creating and manipulating images, and Lua FileSystem for extending the file manipulation.
With these two Lua bindings I've written a tool for making bitmap drawings directly in AS.
Here's an image drawn in Anime Studio:

Now this is just a test and not a finished tool so it's pretty limited.
What it can do:
- Create png image layers of custom size.

A folder named 'images' will be created in the same folder as your .anme file. The PNG will be transparent and named "image" + the number of files in the directory.
- Draw on any image layer containing a png image.
Pencil size is set in Anime Studios style window under stroke width.
Pen pressure is supported when using a tablet.

- Erase by holding SHIFT. Eraser size is the same as pen width.
- Fill color by holding ALT
What it can't do (among other things):
- Antialiasing. This is posible with the GD library though, but filling antialiased shapes might look bad.
- Speedy drawing on high resolution images. Every time you draw something the PNG file will be saved and loaded back into Anime Studio so the bigger the file the more lag there will be after drawing something.
- Undo. The image is saved right away but one idea I had is creating a copy of the image before any changes. That would give you at least one level of undo but it might introduce more lag.
As previously stated, this is basically just a test but if you want to play around with it or look at the code, here it is:
http://animestudioscripts.com/temp/raster/ds_raster.zip
Unzip it in your Anime Studio folder and things should work.
To uninstall all the files installed, double click "uninstall_ds_raster.bat". It will even remove itself after removing the files so you will have no trace of the tool or the .dll files.
EDIT: This will only work on Windows using Anime Studio Pro 8.
EDIT AGAIN: Tried it on Anime Studio 7 and it works there too. Didn't think it would update the image layer but it did.